Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Dysfunction Symptoms and Treatment

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Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Symptoms and Treatment

10 minute read

Last updated 06/25

  • Contents

  • What is Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Dysfunction?
  • TMJ Symptoms
  • TMJ Causes
  • TMJ Treatment
  • TMJ Insurance Coverage
  • Related Articles
  • FAQs

What is Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Dysfunction?

TMJ stands for Temporomandibular Joint, and involves dysfunction of the joints in the jaw. Keep in mind that occasional discomfort in the jaw joint or chewing muscles is common and is not a cause for concern. Many people with TMJ problems get better without treatment. Often the problem goes away on its own in several weeks to months.

TMJ Symptoms

Pain is the most common symptom of TMJ; however, some people have no pain but still have problems using their jaws.

Specific TMJ symptoms include:

  • Face pain
  • Pain in the jaw joint and nearby areas, including the ear
  • Back pain
  • Inability to open the mouth comfortably
  • Clicking, popping or grating sounds in the jaw joint
  • Locking of the jaw when attempting to open the mouth
  • Headaches
  • A bite that is uncomfortable or feels “off”
  • Swelling on the side of the face, neck or shoulder

Other symptoms may include ringing in the ears, decreased hearing, dizziness and vision problems.

TMJ Causes

Not all causes of TMJ are known. Some possible causes are injuries to the jaw area, various forms of arthritis, some dental procedures, stretching of the jaw (as a result of movements like inserting a breathing tube before surgery), and clenching or grinding of teeth, especially during sleep.

TMJ Treatment

According to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health, TMJ treatments should be reversible whenever possible. That means that the treatment should not cause permanent changes to the jaw or teeth. Irreversible treatments have not been proven to work and may even make the problem worse.

Reversible Treatments:

  • Over-the-counter pain medications
  • Prescription medications
  • Gentle jaw stretching and relaxation exercises
  • Stabilization splints (biteplate, night guard)

Irreversible Treatments:

  • Adjustment of the bite by grinding the teeth
  • Extensive dental work
  • Mandibular repositioning splints
  • Orthodontics
  • Surgical procedures including replacement of all or parts of the jaw joint

TMJ Insurance Coverage

Many medical and dental insurance plans do not pay for the treatment of jaw joint and muscle disorders, or, they only pay for some procedures. Contact your insurance company to see which treatments are covered for you.

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FAQs

What are the classic symptoms of a TMJ disorder?

Pain in the jaw joint or chewing muscles is one of the most common signs of a temporomandibular disorder. Other symptoms can include facial or ear-area pain, jaw stiffness, limited opening, jaw locking, painful clicking or popping, headaches, and changes in how the teeth fit together. Clicking or popping without pain or limited movement is common and may not need treatment.

How do night guards help with TMJ treatment?

A night guard or oral splint may help some people with TMJ-related pain, especially if clenching or grinding is contributing to symptoms. It can help protect the teeth and may reduce strain on the jaw muscles. A dentist can recommend whether a guard is appropriate and make sure it fits properly.

Can TMJ issues cause headaches or earaches?

Yes, TMJ issues can indeed cause headaches and earaches. When the temporomandibular joint is affected, it can lead to muscle tension and inflammation. This discomfort might radiate into surrounding areas such as the head and ears, resulting in headaches or ear pain. If you're experiencing these symptoms along with TMJ concerns, it's a good idea to consult a healthcare professional to determine the best course of treatment.

Are there exercises to relieve TMJ pain?

Certain exercises may help alleviate TMJ pain by strengthening and relaxing the jaw muscles and improving your range of motion. However, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional, such as a dentist or physical therapist, to ensure you’re performing these exercises correctly and addressing your specific needs.

Is TMJ disorder permanent?

Occasional discomfort in the jaw joint or chewing muscles is common and generally not a cause for concern. Many people with TMJ problems improve without treatment, with symptoms often resolving on their own in a matter of weeks or months.

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